Milking apparatus.



No. 784,796. PATENTED MAR.'14, 1905.

W. H. LAWRENCE. MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 784,796. PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905. W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

LY/ 774 \\T\\\y i i 12 d 7 q I PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905.

W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 sun s-sum a.

No. 784,796. .PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905. W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 784,796. PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905. W. H. LAWRENGE. MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEBTSSHEET 5.

No. 784,796. PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905. W. H. LAWRENCE. MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

96 I6 W76? 52061501?- M W No. 784,796. PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905.

W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

fiizz es. Ira/676W mmfil/lwfiamca No. 784,796 PATENTED MAR.14,1905.

W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

' 10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

PATENTED MAR. 14. 1905;"

W. H. LAWRENCE.

MILKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1904.

10 SHEB'IS-SHEET 10.

Inf/6101597?- I y hi 7 Patented March-13, 1905.

U ITED STATES PATENT OF ICE-.-

WILLIAMHENRY LAWRENCE, or GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

MILKING APP'ARATus.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 784,796, dated March14, 1905. Application filed May 24, 1904. Serial No. 209.590.

T (tll whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM HENRY LAW- RENOE, engineer, a subject of theKing of Great Britain, and'a resident of 35 Melville street,Pollokshields, Glasgow, Scotland, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Milking Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to cow and other animal milking apparatus of thepneumatic pulsating type, such as set forth in the prior United StatesLetters Patent, No. 642,044, dated January '23, 1900; No. 628,338, datedJuly 4, 1899; No. 646,183, dated March 27, 1900, and No. 7 56,245, datedApril 5, 1904. The nature and construction of such apparatus is fullyset forth in said prior patents,

and it will therefore only be necessary in my present specification torefer to such parts of the apparatus as may be necessary for the fulland clear understanding of my present invention.

The object of my present invention is by various improved means to adaptor modify the aforesaid apparatus of the pneumatic pulsating type, sothat the process of milking may be carried on under various methods andwith whatmay be termed double chambered and also single-chamberedteat-cups.

Of course, if so desired, the features of my present invention may,where suitable, be used in conjunction with other known forms ofpulsating mechanism.

In order that my invention may be properly understood, I have hereuntoappended sheets of drawings, and in these drawings examples of theimproved means or apparatus are shown in a form suitable for placing onthe milk receptacle or pail and for milking two animals simultaneously,although, of course, the apparatus can be adapted so as to milkone ormorethan two cows simultaneously and be placed or fitted in any othersuitable position.

- ()n the drawings the same reference letters and numerals Whereverrepeated indicate the same or similar parts.

Figures 1 to 5 show one construction'of the apparatus, Fig. 1 being anend elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, Fig. 3 a back elevation and sectionthrough A A, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a plan of the basea section on the line BB, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of an inspection device, andFig. 7 a section through the cock thereof. Fig. 8 is a longitudinalsection and an end view of a claw. Fig. -9 is a part side elevation andsection and an end view of another claw. Figs. 10 to 12 show a secondconstruction of the apparatus, Fig. 10 being a longitudinal section,Fig. 11 a part end elevation, and Fig. 12 a part plan thereof. Figs. 13to 16 show athird construction of the apparatus, Fig. 13 being; alongitudinal section, Fig. 13 a diagonal section on the line E E, Fig.13, of part of the apparatus, Fig. 14 a transverse section, Fig. 15 aside elevation, and Fig. 16 a plan of part of the lower part of theapparatus. Fig. 17 is a cross-section on the line C C, Fig. 18, and Fig.18 is a plan of a fourth construction of the apparatus. Fig. 19 is avertical section of an inspection device and arrangement. Fig. 20 is afront view, with part in section, of another form of inspection deviceand arrangement. Fig. 21 is a plan of Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is a longitudinalsection and an end view ofa claw. Fig. 23 isa partside elevation andpart section and an end view of another claw. Figs. 24 to 28' showvertical sections of various forms of double-chambered teat-cups, WhileFig. 29 is a cross-section on the line D D, Fig. 28.

1t may be here stated that the double-chambere'd teat-cups illustratedare'of improved construction and may be divided into two classes A andB.

Class A. Those in which both the outer case and the inner lining aremade flexible, so as to be transformable and to close in and open outwith the variations of vacuum or pneumatic pressure produced in the cup.(See Fig. 25.)

Class B. -Those in which the outer case is rigid, while the inner liningis made elastic, so as to expand and contract under the fluctuations ofvacuum or pneumatic pressure. (See Figs. 24, 26, 27, 28,and 29.)

It may be also stated that there are three principal methods by whichthe milking process can be carried on with the apparatuses-- namely:

, plate drawn in relation to Fig. 2; and Fig. 5

the milk-receptacle, (or from the vacuumzsupply and atmosphere,) whilethe inner chamber of the cup is in constant communication with themilk-receptacle. In both cases air is admitted into the milk conductoror claw at the junction of the teat-cups through a restricted openingpreferably controlled by a valve or valves, and the degree of vacuum inthe milkreceptacle is controlled by means of a vacuumreducing valve.

By method No. 2, under which the pulsating apparatus is constructed tooperate two sets of ports and passages communicating with the outer andinner chambers of the teat-cups. The pulsations are arranged to beapproximately simultaneous in the inner and outer chambers when usingthe A class of teatcup, while they are arranged approximately alternatewhen using the B class. In one form the apparatus for carrying out thismethod may be constructed so that the main pulsator piston or valvewhich operates one set of passages'can be made to actuate anotherpulsating valve serving another set of passages. These passages may beconnected to the inner and outer chambers of the teatcups, respectively,or when used with'singleon either side of the machine may be connectedto one pair of teat-cups, so that thepulsations can be effectedalternately in each pair for the same animal.

By method No. 3, under which modifications of the differential type ofpulsating apparatus, set forth in the United States Patent No. 642,044,of 1900, can be employed. In one form the apparatus is so arranged thatthe movement of the pulsator-piston is controlled by the fluctuationsot' the vacuum and pressure which it efiects in the teatcups. When theapparatus is used with single-chambered teat-cups, the pulsating deviceis arranged to partially cut off the communication between the milk-pipeand the milk-receptacle, while the air is delivered from the pulsatingdevice through a separate pipe to the junction piece or claw of theteat-cups. When used for double-chambered teat-cups,the milk-.

pipe is connected to the milk-receptacle by one pipe, while another pipeserves to supply vacuum and air alternately to the outer teat- -cupchambers.

I will now proceed to fully describe the various apparatuses employed incarryingout dilates the inner linings thereof.

States Patent No. 756,245, dated April 5, 1904. This pulsating apparatusis mounted on a base d, which serves as a cover for the milk-receptacleA A and which is arranged with ports and passages communicating with thebranches leading to the teat-cups by way of special inspection devices,the vacuum-supply,-and the air-supply. cover (Z is made withiive stoolsor seats, stool 1 serving for the attachment of the pulsator-v cylindera, stool 2 for the vacuum-reducing valve, stool 3 for the air-supply,and stools 4 and 5 for the inspection devices and duplex stop-cocks.From the ports 6, 7 and 8' in the stool 1 passages 9, 10, 11, and 12lead to the stools 2, 3, 4, and 5. From the stool 2 the port (orvalve-seat)13 leads to the milk-receptacle, from the stool 3 the ports(or valveseats) 14 and- 15 lead to the milk-receptacle and theatmosphere, respectively, and from the stools 4 and 5 the ports 16 and17 load to the interior of the milk-receptacle. The val vecase 18contains a reducing-valve 19, which is loaded with the spring 20,regulatable by the screw 21. Tlhe nozzle 22 serves for connecting thecase 18 to the vacuum-supply pipe. (Not shown.) The screw three-wayvalve 23 when closed against the upper seat 15 connects port 7 with themilk-receptacle and when closed against the lower seat 14 connects thesame port with the atmosphere through the openings 25 in accordance withmethod No. 1. The nozzles 26 27 of the inspection devices 24 (one deviceonly is shown at Fig. 2) are connected by flexible pipes to theconductors 28 and 29 of the junction piece or claw, Fig. 8, or theconductors 31 30 of the -claw, Fig. 9, according as the air forproducing pulsations 'in the outer teat-cup chambers is supplied fromthe atmosphere through the valve-seat 15 or fr'om'the milk receptaclethrough the valve-seat 14.

The base plate or The operationiofthis milking apparatus according tomethod No. 1 and with the air-supply through the valve-seat 15 is asfollows: Presuming the cavity 90 (see Fig. 13) of the reciprocatingpulsator-piston 7) is over the port 6 and cavity 8, then vacuum issupplied through the nozzle 22 of the reducing-valve chest 18, passage9, and port 6 to the cavity 90 of the pulsator-piston, and then to thecavity 8 in the stool No. 1, and thence by the 7 passages 11 and 12through the nozzles 26 of I the inspection devices, one of which isshown at Fig. 6, to each conductor 28 ot' the claw, Fig. 8, andso by theclaw branches 32 to the outer chambers of the teat-cups and opens or 7Vacuum of a reduced degree,acc0rding to the tension of the spring 20 ofthe" reducing-valve 19, also has access, by way of the milk-receptacleports 16 17 and nozzles 27, to the conductors 29 and their branches. 33of each claw vto the inner teat-cup chambers or linings. W hen thepulsator-piston b is moved by the action of the vacuum supplied throughthe pipe 34 to the other end of its stroke, so as to bring the cavity 90of the piston over the port 7 and cavity 8, then air can flow throughthe apertures and valve-seat 15 to the passage 10 and port 7 and thenthrough the piston-cavity 90, cavity 8, nozzles 26 to the outer teatcupchambers, and this causes the inner lining of each teat-cup, by theaction of the internal vacuum, to contract or close on the animals teatand force the milk out of the teat into the conductor 29 of the claw,from whence it passes to the milk-receptacle and is forced along themilk-tube by a certain amount of air which passes from the outerteat-cup chamber through the valve .35 of the claw, Fig. 8, and passage34 into the conductor 29. These operations are repeated automatically bythe movements of the pulsator-piston, which reciprocates under thevariations of pneumatic pressure in the manner fully set forth in theprior United States Patent, No. 756,245, of 1904. v

A special function of the-valve 35 of the claw, Fig. 8, is to supplyarestricted amount of air to the milk-conductor 29 at the periods whenthe pressure in the outer teat-cup chamber expels the milk from the teatinto the inner chamber or lining, and so assists the flow of milk to themilk-receptacle. The valve is preferably constructed, as shown, with aspheroidal face which closes against a seat 36 at the end of theconductor 28 by the action of a spring 37. The head of the valve iseylindrical and forms a piston which works in the chest 38; but thepiston is so arranged that it will pass a limited amount of air,

either by clearance or passages from the airconductor 28, into the milkconductor 29 through the aperture 34. The seat 36 is of a smaller areathan the piston, so that immediately the air-pressure in the conductor28, acting in conjunction with the vacuum in the conductor 29, overcomesthe resistance of the spring 37 the valve 35 will automatically open andwill remain open until sufficient vacuum is again formed in theconductor 28. The

movements of the valve will synchronize with the movements of thepulsator-piston.

When the air-supply for the outer teat-cup chamber is taken from themilk-receptacle through the valve-seat 14, the claw, Fig. 9, isemployed. This claw is provided with a valve 39, which is capable ofopening inward and is held by the spring 40 against its seat41 in thecover, in which there is an aperture 42 of restricted area communlcatingwith the atmosphere. The pressure of the spring 40 is such that thevalve 39 will remain open under the influence of the vacuum in themilk-conductor 30 and the pressure of the external atmosphere so long asthe degree of vacuum exceeds a predetermined maximum degree, but willclose again as soon as this degree of vacuum is reduced. Theair admittedthrough the opening 42 when the valve is opened passes by the passage 43to the interior of the milk-conductor 30 and propels .the milkinto itsreceptacle and is then made to pass intermittently by the movement ofthe pulsatorpiston through the outer teat-cup chambers to thevacuum-nozzle 22 and is carried away by the vacuum-pipe.

Under method No. 2, when working with either single or double chamberedteat-cups, a modification of the apparatus described in the UnitedStates Patent No. 756,245, of 1904, may be employed. Under thismodification .the pulsating mechanism is duplicated in the mannerillustrated at Figs. 17 and 18. The main pulsator piston or valve 6 ismade and operated in substantially the same manner as described in theaforesaid United States Patent and is by means of the pendulum lever amade to operate another pulsating-valve 44. The ports 49 and 50(indicated in dotted lines at Fig. 18) communicate with themilkreceptacle and the vacuum-supply 22, the

ports 51 and 52 communicate with the air-admission'valves 53 and 54, andthe ports 55 57 and 56 58 communicate with the branches 45 and46,respectively. The oscillating piston or valve 6 (which has thetransverse cavity 90) establishes by the cavity 90 communication betweenthe vacuum-port 49 and port 55 at one end of the stroke of the piston I)and between the air-port 51 and port 57 at the other end of the strokeand in this manner controls the vacuum and air supply to the branches45, while the valve 44 (which has a transverse cavity 90") in the samemanner through its cavity 90" establishes communication between thevacuum-port 50 and port 56- atone stroke and between the air-port 52 andport 58 at the next return stroke, and thereby controls thevacuum andair supply to the branches 46. \Vhen using double-chambered teat-cups,each branch46 is connected to the milk-conductor 47 of a claw such asshown at Fig. 22, and which conductor communicates, by means of thebranches 33, with the inner chambers of the teat-cups,\vl1ile eachbranch 45 is connected to the air-conductor 48 of the claw, which lattercommunicates, by means of the branches 32, with the outer teat-cupchambers. The pulsating valves 6 and 44, which in this arrangement movein opposite directions by the oscillation of the pendulum lever 0, causethe vacuum and air supply in the inner and outer chambers of theteat-cups to alternate periodically. Vhen single-chambered teatcups areused with this form of apparatus, two cups in each set of four areconnected to the branches 45 and 46, which produces as a result thecontraction of one pair of cups simultaneously with the expansion of theother pair. When the A type of teat-cup is used with this method ofmilking, the ports are so arranged that the vaeuum and air supply to theinner and outer teat-cup chambers is approximately simultaneous insteadof alternate.

Thus the port 49 may be made to communicate only with the valve 53 by apassage, (indicated in dotted lines at 49 while the passage 51 insteadof communicating with the valve 53 is made to communicate with theinterior of the milk-pail. The claw, Fig. 22, which can be used inconjunction with this arrangement,

-has a valve 59 connected with the milk-conductor 47. This valve, whichis of a special type, consists practically of two valves and seats ofdifierent areas and soarranged that communicates with the space 64between the two valves. The spring 60 is so adjusted that.

the vacuum in the conductor 47 when near its maximum in conjunction withthe atmosphere in the space 64 draws the valve 59 off its seat, and as aconsequence there is a suction created in the space 64 which becomeseffective upon the larger area of the valve 61 y and closes it againstits seat. Air can now flow freelythrough the aperture 63 into theconductor 47 until the vacuum therein is so reduced that the combinedeffect of the vacuum upon the two valves 59 61 is less than theresiliency of the spring, whereupon the valve automatically returns toits original position. The areas of the valves 59 and 61 are'so pro-'portioned as to give the desired reduction of vacuum in the conductor47.

Instead of using two. pulsating pistons or valves one only may be used,and in this case the two sets of ports would be arranged accordingly.

Under the method modification of the difierential type of pulsatingpiston or valve, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 of United States PatentNo. 642,044, of 1900. The modification in one form is illus trated inFigs. 10, 11, and 12, and like the apparatus in Patent No. 642,044 hasan elongated piston or valve with two different diameters or sectionalareas. The lesser diameter 65, which for convenience will be called theprimary area, is constantly exposed to atmospheric pressure. The annularsurface 66, formed by the junction of the lesser and greater diameters,may be termed the secondary area.

The larger diameter 67 is fitted approximately air-tight into thecylinder 68, in which it has a limited axial movement, and the cavity 69forms a valve foroperating the port 7 0, leading to the milk-receiver,and

the port 71, leading to the teat-cups by way of the pipe connection 72.The lesser diameter of the piston passes through the cylin- No. 3 Iprefer to use a der end, in which it is made'to work air-tight by meansof a flanged leather 7 3,surrounded by .interposed between the screw andthe piston.

The spring 80, which is furnished with a screw adjustment 81, acts uponthe lever 82 and con-- meeting-rod 83, which is jointed to the piston67, and keeps the latter normally in the position shown in 'Fig. 10. Theclaw or junctionpiece for the teat-cups used with this appa- 'ratus andunder this method is of the type shown in Figs. 8 and 23, according towhether single or double chambered teat cups are being employed. Whenthis apparatus is used 'in combination with double-chambered teatcups,thebranch 72 of the pulsator is connected to the milk-conductor 29 ofthe claw, Fig. 8, and the branch 78 with the airconductor 28, thebranches 32 33 of the claw being connected to the teat-cups. 7 2 is aglass inspection-tube.

' The operation of milking is as follows: The

68 has reached a predetermined degree, de-.

pending on the tension of the spring 80, the piston or valve 67 will bythe atmospheric pressure on the projecting lesser diameter or primaryarea 65 be sucked against the action of the spring 80 into the cylinder68. By this movement the vacuum supply to the teat cups through ports 70and 71 is gradually cut ofi, while at the same time the aperture83 inthe cylinder,which was formerly closed by the piston, is graduallyopened. This makes the atmospheric pressure efiective on what is termedthe secondary area 66, form d by the junction of the lesser and greaterdiameters of the piston, with the result that it is forced against thestop 79, in which position the vacuum-supply through 70 is eitherpartially or entirely cut off. In this position the air enteringby hole83" can pass at back of piston 66,along passage 7 5, front of piston 67port 77 pipe 7 8, and, conductor 28 to the teat-cups, thereby reducingthe vacuum therein. When the vacuum is so much reduced that theatmospheric pres sure on the lesser diameter 65 in conjunction with theremaining vacuum in the teat-cups and cylinder 68 is no longer capableof with- .standing the reaction of the spring 80, the piston 67 ispulled back again to its normal position. These piston movements repeatthemselves automatically at a rate depending upon the areasof therespective milk and air passages 72 and and in accordance with thefluctuations of the vacuum in the teat-cups. For use withsingle-chambered teat-cups a claw, such as shown at Fig. 23, may beemployed. In this claw the milk-conductor 29 has the airconductor 28made as an extension, the end of the air-pipe being bent round into theback of the milk-pipe. No valve is used; but the junction between 28 and29 is preferably contracted. This difi'erentiaharea piston device may ina modified form be made to actuate the pulsator piston or valvedescribed in United'States Letters Patent N 0. 756,245 and be applied tothe apparatus described under the method No. 1 of this patent. Theapparatus is illustrated in'detail in Figs. 13 to 16. In Figs. 13 andlet the differential piston or valve 85 is at the junction of its lesserand greater diameters 86 85 formed as a valve 87, which closes againstthe seat 88 under the influence of the spring 89 and lever 90. The

' large diameter or body 85 has in it two cavities 91 92 and two holes93 94, which conimunicatc with the passage 95 in the eenterof the valveand which is open at one end-to the atmosphere. The pipe 98 is connectedto the passage 97. which communicates with the vacuum-supply, while thepipe 96 is connected to the blind port 99, (seeFig. 16,) and indirectly(by the connecting-passage 100and ports 103) to the teat-cups through anaperture of restricted area 100. In the normal position of the valve 87the cavity 92 connects the passage 101, (see Fig. 13, leading to one endof the pulsatorcylinder a, with the vacuum-supply pipe 96, while thehole 93 connects the passage 102, leading to the other end of thepulsator-cylin' der, to the atmosphere through the passage 95, therebymoving the pulsator-piston 7) into the position shown at Fig. 13. Inthis position the vacuum from the port 97 has also access to theteat-cups through the cavity 90, passage 100, ports 103, andconnections, and, further, through the passage 100 and pipe 98 to thevalve-chest 101. \Vhen the vacuum in the chest 101 and passage 105 hasreached such a degree that the air-pressure on the valve portion 87 ofthe piston overcomes the resistance of the spring 89, air will beadmitted at the seat 88 and become eifective on the larger area of thepiston, with the result that it will drive it to its extreme inwardposition. In this position the cavity 91 connects the passage 102 withthe vacuum-supply pipe 96 and the holes 94 95 connect the passage 101with the air-supply, thereby moving the pulsatorpiston to the oppositeend of the cylinder (0. This cuts off the'vacuum-supply from theteat-cups, and at the same time the air entering at 88 passes along thepassage 105 by the pipe 98 to the teat-cups, thereby reducing the vacuumtherein. \Nhen the vacuum has fallen so much that the reaction of thespring is greater than the effective air-messure on the piston 85 86,the valve 87 will return to its normal position and cutoff theair-supply, with the result that the pulsator-piston I) Will also returnto its normal position. These movements can be timed by the regulators106, 107, 108, and the springadjustment 109.

In connection with the foregoing apparatuses I prefer to use inspectiondevices of improved construction. A separate inspection device ispreferably used in conjunction with each set of teat-cups.

The special feature of the inspection devices shown in Figs. 6, 7, and19 is that the transparent portion 110, which may be of tubular or ofbell-shape form, is place'd vertically, and the passages for the milkare so arranged that so long as milk is flowing at a certain rate fromthe teat-cups to the milk-receptacle the milk-level, as seen in thetransparent portion, remains approximately constant; but as soon as theflow of milk falls below a certain rate the level of the milk falls,thereby indicating a reduction in quantity or a complete. cessation ofthe flow. Under this part of the invention I lit a vertical tubular stemor stud 111 in the center of the device, and I arrange outside of it aglass tube or cylinder 110. A t the lower end of the stem or stud a hole1120i restricted area is made, and this hole constitutes a short circuitor by-pass for the milk. 113, Fig. 6, represents holes made near the topof the stem for the passage of the milk. The glass cylinder 110 issecured in place by means of the screw-cap 114:, which screws upon theupper end of the stem. In the arrangement Fig. 19 the glass cylinder 110is inclosed within a metal case 115, having apertures 116 in it, one ateach side. The screw-cap 114 screws on top of the metal casing. 117 isthe cock, with pas-. sages therein communicating with the nozzles 26 27.If desired, the case L15 may be substituted by a spiral spring, so as tosecure the ends of the glass cylinder 110 against the joints at bothends with even pressure. W'ith these devices the arrangement is suchthat the milk on its passage from the teat-cups flows in by the branch27 and up between the glass and the stem 111 till it reaches the holes v113, Fig. 6, or the top of the stem, Fig. 19, when it enters the stemand passes to the milkreceptaclethrough the cock 117. \Vhen the milk isstanding in the glass 110 up to the top of the stem or to the holestherein, it is easily visible. When the milk ceases to flow or is muchreduced in quantity, the level of the milk in 110 of course falls andany little milk there may be passing runs away through the hole 112.When the milk increases to such an extent that the hole 112 will notsufiice to carry it off, it of course rises in the glass 110.

In the arrangement Figs. 20 and 21 tubular inspection-glasses 118 arefitted below the cocks 117, being inserted in sockets 119 at their upperends and into tubular pieces 120,

connection is made with the respective milk and air branches of thejunction-pieces or claws. Fig. 25 is representative of the A class ofteat-cup before referred to and comprises the outer flexible case122,(which is made of indie-rubber or other suitable flexible material andof the shape shown,) the inner flexible lining 123, (which is made ofindiarubber or other suitable flexible material and of the shape'shownand preferably is adapted at its upper end to dovetail into the case122,) and themctal or other cup end orjunction 127, made with the nozzle125 and the screwed end 128, which latter is coned at its interior, andis adapted to receive the lower end or extension of the flexible lining123. The nozzle 124 has a conic end 129, and by screwing the cap 130 onthe part 128 the cone 129 can be made to pinch the lower end orextension of the flexible lining against the part 128, and therebysecure it tightly in place and also isolate the two chambers. The upperend of the flexible lining 123 is shown dovetailed into the outer'case.

Figs. 24,26, 27, 28, and 29 show represen tative illustrations of the Bclass of teat-cups and comprise an outer rigid case 122 and innerelastic lining 123. The Wall of this lining, as shown in Figs. 24, 26,and 28, is suitably graduated in thickness, so as to produce aprogressive expansion and contraction of the lining when under theinfluence of the variations of vacuum or presure effected in the respective chambers by the pulsating apparatus. The lining for this formof teat-cu p is molded to suitable shape for attachment to the outercase. In Fig. 24 the lower end of the lining 123 is molded so as to fitelastically on the nozzle 124, which is provided with a V-shapedcircumferential bead 132. The extreme lower end of the outer rigidicaseis first contracted and then expanded, so as to correspond with the bead132. The lower end of the lining is held air-tight between the nozzleand the outer case.

In Figs. 26 and 27 cones 133 are adapted to ht onto the nozzles 124 andare forced upward, so as to expand and tightly jam the lower ends ofthelinings 123 against the conic bottom ends of the ease122, as shown. 134represents screw-nuts for forcing up the cones and which work on thenozzles.

The 'alls of the lining 123 may be provided with grooves or flutes 135,Fig. 28, running lengthwise of or spirally around the lining. In Fig. 26spiral or oblique grooves are shown at 135. Fig. 28 also'shows anarrangement for extending the inner lining downward by means ofthescrewed nozzle 124 for the purpose of contracting the lining internally,and thereby increasing its resilience. A small aperture 136 may beprovided in the nozzle for allowing a limited amount of air to pass fromthe outer chamber f to the inner chamber at the period when the pressureis highest in the outer chamber, so as to assist the flow of milk fromthe inner chamber to the milk-receptacle.

Fig. 27 shows an arrangement in which a plain tubular elastic lining 123is employed, and this lining is contracted by being drawn through theconical rigid sleeve 137 and also through the false bottom or waist 138of the outer case and is again expanded by the cone 133 and nut 134working on the screwed part of the nozzle 124. At its upper end thelining may be simply folded over the outer case.

The connection between the teat-cups, junction-pieces, or claws and thepulsating device is made by means of flexible tubes, as usual.

Having now fully described my invention, what lclaim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In milking apparatus the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber. means for exhausting air from both saidchambers, means for varying the degree of air exhaustion in theair-chamber, means for regulating the degree of air exhaustion in themilk-chamber, and means for admitting air intermittently from theairchamber to the milk-chamber of the teat-cu p.

2. In milking apparatus, the combination with a milk-receptacle and ateat-cup having a milk-chamber and an air-chamber of means forconnecting the teat-cup to the milk-receptacle, means for exhausting airfrom both said teat-cup chambers, means'for varying the degree of airexhaustion the air-chamber, means for regulating the degree of airexhaustion in the milk-chamber and the milkreceptacle, and means foradmitting air intermittently from the air-chamber to the milkchamber ofthe teat-cup.

3. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cu p having milkand air chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambersand means for varying the degree of air exhaustion in both the chambers.

4. ln milking apparatus the combination with a teat-cup having milk andair chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambers andmeans for periodically varying the degree of air exhaustion in both thechamhers.

5. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milk andair chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambers andmeans for varying synchronously the degree of air exhaustion in both thechambers.

b. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milk andair chambers, of' means for exhausting air from both said chambers, andmeans for varying periodically the degree of air exhaustion in both thechambers the periodic variations in the one chamber alternating withthose in the other chamher.

7. In a milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milkand air chambers, of' means for exhausting air from both said chambersand automatic means for varying the degree of' air exhaustion in boththe chamhers.

8. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milk andair chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambers andpneumatically-operated means for varying the degree of' air exhaustionin both the chambers.

9. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milk andair chambers of' means for exhausting air from both said chambers, meansfor varying the degree of' air exhaustion in the air-chamber and meansfor cutting off the suction from the milkchamber periodically and insynchronism with the variations of' pneumatic pressure in theair-chamber.

10. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milkand air chambers, of" means for exhausting air from both said chambers,means for varying the degree of' air exhaustion in the air-chamber, andmeans for partially cutting off the suction from the milk-chamberperiodically and in synchronism with the variations of pneumaticpressure in the air-chamber.

11. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsating means working inconjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and airchambers,comprisinggiu combination, a milkrm-eptacle, a valve foreffectingvariations of' vacuum or pneumatic pressure in the airchambersof' the teat-cups, means for regulating the degree ot vacuum in themilk-chambers of the teat-cups and the milk-receptacle, and a valve, foradmitting air intermittently from the air to the milk-chambers of' theteatcups to assist the flow of' milk to the milk-receptacle,substantially as described.

12. Apparatus for milking cows bypneumatic pulsating means workinginconjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and airchambers,comprising, in combination, a milkreceptacle, a'pulsator for effectingvariations of vacuum or pneumatic pressure invthe airchamhers of theteat-cups, means for regulating the degree of' vacuum in themilk-chambers of the.teat-cups and the milk-receptacle, means forsupplying air to the air-chambers of' the teat-cups, a claw having airand milk conductors connected with the teat-cups, a valve having aconvex face and a piston portion which works within a cylindrical casingconnected with the milk-conductorof' the claw by a restricted passageand with the air-conductor by an opening which can be closed by the saidconvex portion of the valve, substantially as described.

13. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsatingmeans working inconjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and airchamberscomprising, in combination, a milkreceptacle, a pulsator for effectingvariations of vacuum or pneumatic pressure in the airchambers of' theteat-cups, means for regulating the degree of vacuum in themilk-chambers of the teat-cups and the milk-rece itacle and adouble-seated valve for admitting air to the air-chambers of' theteat-cups either from the atmosphere or from the milk-receptacle,substantially as described.

14. Apparatus for milking cows comprising, in combination, a base madewith vacuum and air ports therein and capable of fitting on themilk-pail, a pulsator fitted on the base, a pulsator-valve having acavity therein, a vacunm-reducing valve, an air-admission valve, milkand air conduits, an inspection device, means for opening or closing themilk and air conduits, and douhle-chaml)ered teat-cups, substantially asdescribed.

15. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsating means working inconjunction with teat-cups, having milk-chambers and airchambers,comprising, in combination,a milkreceptacle, a pnlsator for effectingvariations of' vacuum or pneumatic pressure in the airchambers of theteat-cups, means for regulating the degree of vacuum in themilk-chambers of the teat-cups and the mill't-receptacle, means forsupplying air to the air-chambers of the teat-cups, a claw having airand milk conductors, teat-cups connected with the claw, and anautomatically-acting valve on the claw for admitting air to themilk-conductor in order to assist the flow of themilk, substantially asdescribed.

16. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsatingmeans working inconjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and airchambers,comprising, in combination, a milkreceptacle, a pulsator for effectingvariations of' vacuum or pneumatic pressure in the airchambers of theteat-cups, means for regulating the degree of vacuum in themilk-chambers of' the teat-cups and the milk-receptacle, means forsupplying air to the air-chambers ot' the teat-cups, a claw having airand milk conductors connected with the teat-cups, a

these valves,

spring-loaded valve having a convex face which is arranged in connectionwith the airconductor and allows a restricted amount of air to pass fromthe atmosphere to the milkconductor, substantially as described.

17. Apparatus for milking cows comprising, in combination, a milk-pail,a base made with vacuum and air ports therein and capable of fitting onthe milk-pail, a pulsator fitted on the base, a pulsating piston havinga cavity therein, a vacuum-reducing valve, an air-admission valve, milkand air conduits, a double cock for the conduits, an overflow-inspectiondevice having a transparent portion arranged vertically above saiddouble cock, means. for opening and closing the milk and air conduits,substantially as described.

18. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milkand air chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambers,valves for varying the degree of air exhaustion in both the chambers,and means for operating the valves, substantially as described.

19. ln milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milkand air chambers, of means for exhausting air from both said chambers, areciprocating valve, a second reciprocating valve, and means foroperating substantially as described.

20. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having milkand air chambers,

' of means for exhausting air from both said chambers, a reciprocatingvalve, a second reciprocatlng valve connected wlth the first valve andoperated therefrom, and means for operating the first valve,substantially as described.

21. The combination with ateat-cup having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a milkpipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipeconnected Wit-h the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-conductor and anair-conductor connected respectively with said pipes, a pulsator, airand milk pipes connecting the pulsator with said claw, and means foroperating the pulsator, substantially as described.

22. The combination with a teat-cup having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a milkpipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipeconnected with the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-comluctor and anair-conductor connected res 'iectively with said pipes, a reciprocatingvalve for alternately exhausting air from and admitting air to the pipeleading to the air-chamber, a reciprocating valve for alternatelyexhausting air from and admitting air to the pipe leading to themilkchamber,and means for operating these valves, substantially asdescribed.

23. The combination with a teat-cup having,

a milk-chamber and an air-chamber, a milkp1 pe connected with themilk-chamber, a pipe connected with the air-chamber, a claw havanddouble-chamberedteat-cups,

l l i nected respectively with said pipes, a reciproeating valve foralternately exhausting air from and admitting air to the pipe leading tothe air-chamber, a reciprocating valve for alternately exhausting airfrom and admitting air to the pipe leading to the milk-chamber, meansfor operating said valves, and means for regulating the degree of airexhaustion in the pipes leadingto the teat-cup chamber, substantially asdescribed.

21L. The combination with a teat-cup having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a pipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipe connectedwith the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-conductor and anair-conductor connected respectively with said pipes, a reciprocatingvalve for alternately exhausting air from and admitting air to the pipeleading to the air-chamber, a reciprocating valve for alternatelyexhausting air from and admitting air to the pipe leading to themilk-chamber, means for operating said valves, and automaticallyactingvalves for regulating the degree of air exhaustion in the pipes leadingto the teatcup chambers, substantially described.

25. The combination with a teat-cup having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a' pipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipe connectedwith the air-chamber, a claw havinga milk-conductor and an air-conductorconnected respectively with said pipes, a reciprocating valveforalternately exhausting air from and admitting air to the pipe leading tothe airchamber of the teat-cup, a reciprocating valve for alternatelyexhausting air from and admitting air to the pipe leading to themilkchamber of the teat-cup, and means for operating these valvessimultaneously and in opposite directions so that when air is beingexhausted from the air-chamber it is being admitted to the milk-chamberof the teat-cup and vice versa, substantially as described.

26. The combination with a teat-cu p having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a pipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipe connectedwith the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-conductor and anair-conductor connected respectively with said pipes, a pulsator, airand milk pipes connecting the pulsator with said claw, an automaticallv-acting air-admission valve in the claw, and means for operating thepulsator, substantially as described.

27. The combination with a teat-cup having a milk-chamber and anair-chamber, a pipe connected with the milk-chamber, a pipe connectedwith the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-conductor and anair-conductor connected respectively with said pipes, a pulsator, air

an air-chamber, a pipe connected with the milk-chamlwr, a pipe'con- Iwith a teat-cu p having a milk-chamber 11'l(.l. 5

nected with the air-chamber, a claw having a milk-conductor and anair-coiuhuztor connected respectively with said pipes, a pulsator, airand milk pipes connecting the pulsator with said claw, apneumatically-operatml airadmission valve in the claw, said valve havingtwo areas the larger area open to the atmosphere and the smaller area tothe vacuumspace of the milk-conductor ol the claw, and means foroperating the pulsator, substantially as described.

29. in milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, combined pneumatic and mechanical means for varying thedegree of air exhaustion in'the air-chamber and means for cutting ofithe suction from the milk-chamber periodically and in synchronism withthe variations of pneumatic pressure in the air-chamber, substantiallyas described.

30. In milking ap1 )aratus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, means for varying the degree of air exhaustion in theair-chamber, a valve for cutting off the suction from the milk-chamberperiodically 1nd in synchronism with the variations of pneumaticpressure in the air-chamber, and combined'pneumatic and mechanical meansfor operating said valve, substantially as described.

31. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, a reciprocating valve for varying the degree of airexhaustion in the air-chamber and cutting off the suction from themilk-chamber periodically and means for operating said valve,substantially as described.

32. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, a reciprocating valve for varying the degree of airexhaustion in the air-chamber and cutting off thesuction from themilk-chamber periodically,and pneumatic means for operating the valve inone direction and mechanical means for operating the valve in the otherdirections, substantially described. I

33. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber, and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, a reciprocating valve for varying the degree of airexhaustion in the air-chamber and cutting off the suction from themilk-chamber periodically and in synchronism with the variations ofpneumatic pressure in the air-chamber, and means for operating saidvalve, substantially as described.

34. In milking apparatus, the combination an air-chamber, of means forexhausting air from both said cham -iers, a reciprocating ditl'erentialpiston-valve with a cavity therein for varying the degree of airexhaustion in the air-chamber and cutting on the suction from then1ilkchamber periodically, a valvecasing with milk-passages andair-passages, pneumaticmeans for operating the valve in the onedirection, and a spring for operating the valve in the other direction,substantially as described.

35. In milking apparatus, the combination with a teat-cup having amilk-chamber and an air-chamber, of means for exhausting air from bothsaid chambers, a'reciprocating differential piston-valve with a cavitytherein for varying the degree of air exhaustion in the airchamber andcutting off the suction from the milk-chamber periodically, a clawconnected with the teat-cup and having an air-comhustor and amilk-comluctor the air-conductor communicating with the milk-conductor,a-valve-' casing with milk-passages and air-passages, pneumatic meansfor operating the valve in the one direction, and a spring for operatingthe valve in the other direction, substantially as described.

36. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsatingapparatus workingin conjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and air-chambers,comprising, in combination, a milk-receptacle, a pulsator-valve foretlecting variations of vacuum or pneumatic pressure in the air-chambersof the teat-cups, an automatically-acting differential valve forcontrolling the movements of the pulsator-valve and for supplying air tothe air-chambers of the teat-cups, means for regulating the degree ofvacuum in the milk-chamlwrs ot' the teat-cups and then'1ill(-l'0(:e])t:t0lt=, and means for operating the pulsator-valve,substantially as described.

37. Apparatus for milking cows by pneumatic pulsatingapparatus workingin conjunction with teat-cups having milk-chambers and air-chambers,comprising, in comlnnation, a

milk-receptacle, a pulsator-valve for eti'ecting variations of vacuum orpneumatic pressure in the air-chambers ot' the teat-cups, anautomatically-actingdifferential valve for controlling the movements ofthe pulsator-v-alve, combined pneumatic and mechanical means foroperating said controlling-valve, means for intermittently admitting airto the air-chambers of the teat-cups, means for regulatingthe degree ofvacuum in the milk-chambers ot' the teat-cups and the milk-receptacle,and means for operating the pulsator-valve, substantially as described.

38. In milking apparatus, a double-chainbored teat-cup having, incombination,an outer flexible case, an inner flexible lining, a cup endwith air-nozzle thereon, and a cone arlIO Ils

mngT-inenl l0! securing the HlllUlll ol' the inlwrv-d tent-(up(-rnnprising, in (tfllll illziliml, :in nor lining tightly in posllioliin line v nid -np onier (use, an iIHHI'UlRI IlCllI1ll]}4',Illl lllltilllh' end. nli. t:1nt-iull :15 described. 5 for increasing l-llLresilience ol the Plus! ll llll' 5 2;.i. ln milking apparatus, :1douhle-clnnning' by extending it lengthwise, sullstnntinllyllm'Qil(Pill-(Upll;l\'lllg'.lllC()l11l)lll2\tl( il,:lli()UIOI' I asdescribed.

(use with roduved lower end having zu-onic ex- Signed atfllzwgow. int-lmconnty of the city tension, an inner llexi ilelininggu nozzle will:of Glasgow, Scotland, lllls iii Ll] day of April. expanded upper endlitLed in the lining and 1904. means for forcing the lower end of theinner- WILLIAM llliNl-Il' |i.\\\'lil-J.\'i?l-J.

JO lining'tig'litlyagainsttheuonicextensionof t-lie- \Vitnesses:

outer case, substantially us-described. HENRY Lnixninox'r.

4 in milking apparatus, 21(l()lllJl('B-(flllllll- ALEXANDER (inlsnomi.

